"""
The :mod:`.axis_artist` module implements custom artists to draw axis elements
(axis lines and labels, tick lines and labels, grid lines).

Axis lines and labels and tick lines and labels are managed by the `AxisArtist`
class; grid lines are managed by the `GridlinesCollection` class.

There is one `AxisArtist` per Axis; it can be accessed through
the ``axis`` dictionary of the parent Axes (which should be a
`~mpl_toolkits.axisartist.axislines.Axes`), e.g. ``ax.axis["bottom"]``.

Children of the AxisArtist are accessed as attributes: ``.line`` and ``.label``
for the axis line and label, ``.major_ticks``, ``.major_ticklabels``,
``.minor_ticks``, ``.minor_ticklabels`` for the tick lines and labels (e.g.
``ax.axis["bottom"].line``).

Children properties (colors, fonts, line widths, etc.) can be set using
setters, e.g. ::

  # Make the major ticks of the bottom axis red.
  ax.axis["bottom"].major_ticks.set_color("red")

However, things like the locations of ticks, and their ticklabels need to be
changed from the side of the grid_helper.

axis_direction
--------------

`AxisArtist`, `AxisLabel`, `TickLabels` have an *axis_direction* attribute,
which adjusts the location, angle, etc. The *axis_direction* must be one of
"left", "right", "bottom", "top", and follows the Matplotlib convention for
rectangular axis.

For example, for the *bottom* axis (the left and right is relative to the
direction of the increasing coordinate),

* ticklabels and axislabel are on the right
* ticklabels and axislabel have text angle of 0
* ticklabels are baseline, center-aligned
* axislabel is top, center-aligned

The text angles are actually relative to (90 + angle of the direction to the
ticklabel), which gives 0 for bottom axis.

=================== ====== ======== ====== ========
Property            left   bottom   right  top
=================== ====== ======== ====== ========
ticklabel location  left   right    right  left
axislabel location  left   right    right  left
ticklabel angle     90     0        -90    180
axislabel angle     180    0        0      180
ticklabel va        center baseline center baseline
axislabel va        center top      center bottom
ticklabel ha        right  center   right  center
axislabel ha        right  center   right  center
=================== ====== ======== ====== ========

Tick orientation is controlled by :rc:`xtick.direction` and
:rc:`ytick.direction`; they can be manually adjusted using ::

  ax.axis["bottom"].major_ticks.set_tick_direction("in")  # or "out", "inout"

The following attributes can be customized (use the ``set_xxx`` methods):

* `Ticks`: ticksize, tick_direction
* `TickLabels`: pad
* `AxisLabel`: pad
"""

# FIXME :
# angles are given in data coordinate - need to convert it to canvas coordinate


from operator import methodcaller

import numpy as np

import matplotlib as mpl
from matplotlib import _api, cbook
import matplotlib.artist as martist
import matplotlib.colors as mcolors
import matplotlib.text as mtext
from matplotlib.collections import LineCollection
from matplotlib.lines import Line2D
from matplotlib.patches import PathPatch
from matplotlib.path import Path
from matplotlib.transforms import (
    Affine2D, Bbox, IdentityTransform, ScaledTranslation)

from .axisline_style import AxislineStyle


class AttributeCopier:
    def get_ref_artist(self):
        """
        Return the underlying artist that actually defines some properties
        (e.g., color) of this artist.
        """
        raise RuntimeError("get_ref_artist must overridden")

    def get_attribute_from_ref_artist(self, attr_name):
        getter = methodcaller("get_" + attr_name)
        prop = getter(super())
        return getter(self.get_ref_artist()) if prop == "auto" else prop


class Ticks(AttributeCopier, Line2D):
    """
    Ticks are derived from `.Line2D`, and note that ticks themselves
    are markers. Thus, you should use set_mec, set_mew, etc.

    To change the tick size (length), use `set_ticksize`.
    To change the direction of the ticks, use ``set_tick_direction("in")`` (or
    "out", or "inout").
    """

    locs_angles_labels = _api.deprecated("3.11")(property(lambda self: []))

    @_api.delete_parameter("3.11", "tick_out", alternative="tick_direction")
    def __init__(self, ticksize, tick_out=False, *, axis=None, **kwargs):
        self._ticksize = ticksize
        self.set_tick_out(tick_out)

        self._axis = axis
        if self._axis is not None:
            if "color" not in kwargs:
                kwargs["color"] = "auto"
            if "mew" not in kwargs and "markeredgewidth" not in kwargs:
                kwargs["markeredgewidth"] = "auto"

        Line2D.__init__(self, [0.], [0.], **kwargs)
        self.set_snap(True)

    def get_ref_artist(self):
        # docstring inherited
        return self._axis.majorTicks[0].tick1line

    def set_color(self, color):
        # docstring inherited
        # Unlike the base Line2D.set_color, this also supports "auto".
        if not cbook._str_equal(color, "auto"):
            mcolors._check_color_like(color=color)
        self._color = color
        self.stale = True

    def get_color(self):
        return self.get_attribute_from_ref_artist("color")

    def get_markeredgecolor(self):
        return self.get_attribute_from_ref_artist("markeredgecolor")

    def get_markeredgewidth(self):
        return self.get_attribute_from_ref_artist("markeredgewidth")

    def set_tick_direction(self, direction):
        _api.check_in_list(["in", "out", "inout"], direction=direction)
        self._tick_dir = direction

    def get_tick_direction(self):
        return self._tick_dir

    def set_tick_out(self, b):
        """
        Set whether ticks are drawn inside or outside the axes.

        .. admonition:: Discouraged
           Consider using the more general method `.set_tick_direction` instead.
        """
        self._tick_dir = "out" if b else "in"

    @_api.deprecated("3.11", alternative="get_tick_direction")
    def get_tick_out(self):
        """Return whether ticks are drawn inside or outside the axes."""
        if self._tick_dir == "in":
            return False
        elif self._tick_dir == "out":
            return True
        else:
            raise ValueError(
                f"Tick direction ({self._tick_dir!r}) not supported by get_tick_out, "
                f"use get_tick_direction instead")

    def set_ticksize(self, ticksize):
        """Set length of the ticks in points."""
        self._ticksize = ticksize

    def get_ticksize(self):
        """Return length of the ticks in points."""
        return self._ticksize

    def set_locs_angles(self, locs_angles):
        self.locs_angles = locs_angles

    _tick_paths = {
        "in": Path([[0, 0], [+1, 0]]),
        "inout": Path([[-1/2, 0.], [+1/2, 0]]),
        "out": Path([[-1, 0], [0, 0]]),
    }

    def draw(self, renderer):
        if not self.get_visible():
            return

        gc = renderer.new_gc()
        edgecolor = mcolors.to_rgba(self.get_markeredgecolor())
        gc.set_foreground(edgecolor, isRGBA=True)
        gc.set_linewidth(self.get_markeredgewidth())
        gc.set_alpha(self._alpha)

        tickvert_path = self._tick_paths[self._tick_dir]
        path_trans = self.get_transform()
        marker_transform = (Affine2D()
                            .scale(renderer.points_to_pixels(self._ticksize)))

        for loc, angle in self.locs_angles:
            locs = path_trans.transform_non_affine(np.array([loc]))
            if self.axes and not self.axes.viewLim.contains(*locs[0]):
                continue
            renderer.draw_markers(
                gc, tickvert_path,
                marker_transform + Affine2D().rotate_deg(angle),
                Path(locs), path_trans.get_affine())

        gc.restore()


class LabelBase(mtext.Text):
    """
    A base class for `.AxisLabel` and `.TickLabels`. The position and
    angle of the text are calculated by the offset_ref_angle,
    text_ref_angle, and offset_radius attributes.
    """

    locs_angles_labels = _api.deprecated("3.11")(property(lambda self: []))

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        self._ref_angle = 0
        self._offset_radius = 0.

        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)

        self.set_rotation_mode("anchor")
        self._text_follow_ref_angle = True

    @property
    def _text_ref_angle(self):
        if self._text_follow_ref_angle:
            return self._ref_angle + 90
        else:
            return 0

    @property
    def _offset_ref_angle(self):
        return self._ref_angle

    _get_opposite_direction = {"left": "right",
                               "right": "left",
                               "top": "bottom",
                               "bottom": "top"}.__getitem__

    def draw(self, renderer):
        if not self.get_visible():
            return

        # save original and adjust some properties
        tr = self.get_transform()
        angle_orig = self.get_rotation()
        theta = np.deg2rad(self._offset_ref_angle)
        dd = self._offset_radius
        dx, dy = dd * np.cos(theta), dd * np.sin(theta)

        self.set_transform(tr + Affine2D().translate(dx, dy))
        self.set_rotation(self._text_ref_angle + angle_orig)
        super().draw(renderer)
        # restore original properties
        self.set_transform(tr)
        self.set_rotation(angle_orig)

    def get_window_extent(self, renderer=None):
        if renderer is None:
            renderer = self.get_figure(root=True)._get_renderer()

        # save original and adjust some properties
        tr = self.get_transform()
        angle_orig = self.get_rotation()
        theta = np.deg2rad(self._offset_ref_angle)
        dd = self._offset_radius
        dx, dy = dd * np.cos(theta), dd * np.sin(theta)

        self.set_transform(tr + Affine2D().translate(dx, dy))
        self.set_rotation(self._text_ref_angle + angle_orig)
        bbox = super().get_window_extent(renderer).frozen()
        # restore original properties
        self.set_transform(tr)
        self.set_rotation(angle_orig)

        return bbox


class AxisLabel(AttributeCopier, LabelBase):
    """
    Axis label. Derived from `.Text`. The position of the text is updated
    in the fly, so changing text position has no effect. Otherwise, the
    properties can be changed as a normal `.Text`.

    To change the pad between tick labels and axis label, use `set_pad`.
    """

    def __init__(self, *args, axis_direction="bottom", axis=None, **kwargs):
        self._axis = axis
        self._pad = 5
        self._external_pad = 0  # in pixels
        LabelBase.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
        self.set_axis_direction(axis_direction)

    def set_pad(self, pad):
        """
        Set the internal pad in points.

        The actual pad will be the sum of the internal pad and the
        external pad (the latter is set automatically by the `.AxisArtist`).

        Parameters
        ----------
        pad : float
            The internal pad in points.
        """
        self._pad = pad

    def get_pad(self):
        """
        Return the internal pad in points.

        See `.set_pad` for more details.
        """
        return self._pad

    def get_ref_artist(self):
        # docstring inherited
        return self._axis.label

    def get_text(self):
        # docstring inherited
        t = super().get_text()
        if t == "__from_axes__":
            return self._axis.label.get_text()
        return self._text

    _default_alignments = dict(left=("bottom", "center"),
                               right=("top", "center"),
                               bottom=("top", "center"),
                               top=("bottom", "center"))

    def set_default_alignment(self, d):
        """
        Set the default alignment. See `set_axis_direction` for details.

        Parameters
        ----------
        d : {"left", "bottom", "right", "top"}
        """
        va, ha = _api.getitem_checked(self._default_alignments, d=d)
        self.set_va(va)
        self.set_ha(ha)

    _default_angles = dict(left=180,
                           right=0,
                           bottom=0,
                           top=180)

    def set_default_angle(self, d):
        """
        Set the default angle. See `set_axis_direction` for details.

        Parameters
        ----------
        d : {"left", "bottom", "right", "top"}
        """
        self.set_rotation(_api.getitem_checked(self._default_angles, d=d))

    def set_axis_direction(self, d):
        """
        Adjust the text angle and text alignment of axis label
        according to the matplotlib convention.

        =====================    ========== ========= ========== ==========
        Property                 left       bottom    right      top
        =====================    ========== ========= ========== ==========
        axislabel angle          180        0         0          180
        axislabel va             center     top       center     bottom
        axislabel ha             right      center    right      center
        =====================    ========== ========= ========== ==========

        Note that the text angles are actually relative to (90 + angle
        of the direction to the ticklabel), which gives 0 for bottom
        axis.

        Parameters
        ----------
        d : {"left", "bottom", "right", "top"}
        """
        self.set_default_alignment(d)
        self.set_default_angle(d)

    def get_color(self):
        return self.get_attribute_from_ref_artist("color")

    def draw(self, renderer):
        if not self.get_visible():
            return

        self._offset_radius = \
            self._external_pad + renderer.points_to_pixels(self.get_pad())

        super().draw(renderer)

    def get_window_extent(self, renderer=None):
        if renderer is None:
            renderer = self.get_figure(root=True)._get_renderer()
        if not self.get_visible():
            return

        r = self._external_pad + renderer.points_to_pixels(self.get_pad())
        self._offset_radius = r

        bb = super().get_window_extent(renderer)

        return bb


class TickLabels(AxisLabel):  # mtext.Text
    """
    Tick labels. While derived from `.Text`, this single artist draws all
    ticklabels. As in `.AxisLabel`, the position of the text is updated
    in the fly, so changing text position has no effect. Otherwise,
    the properties can be changed as a normal `.Text`. Unlike the
    ticklabels of the mainline Matplotlib, properties of a single
    ticklabel alone cannot be modified.

    To change the pad between ticks and ticklabels, use `~.AxisLabel.set_pad`.
    """

    def __init__(self, *, axis_direction="bottom", **kwargs):
        super().__init__(**kwargs)
        self.set_axis_direction(axis_direction)
        self._axislabel_pad = 0

    def get_ref_artist(self):
        # docstring inherited
        return self._axis.get_ticklabels()[0]

    def set_axis_direction(self, label_direction):
        """
        Adjust the text angle and text alignment of ticklabels
        according to the Matplotlib convention.

        The *label_direction* must be one of [left, right, bottom, top].

        =====================    ========== ========= ========== ==========
        Property                 left       bottom    right      top
        =====================    ========== ========= ========== ==========
        ticklabel angle          90         0         -90        180
        ticklabel va             center     baseline  center     baseline
        ticklabel ha             right      center    right      center
        =====================    ========== ========= ========== ==========

        Note that the text angles are actually relative to (90 + angle
        of the direction to the ticklabel), which gives 0 for bottom
        axis.

        Parameters
        ----------
        label_direction : {"left", "bottom", "right", "top"}

        """
        self.set_default_alignment(label_direction)
        self.set_default_angle(label_direction)
        self._axis_direction = label_direction

    def invert_axis_direction(self):
        label_direction = self._get_opposite_direction(self._axis_direction)
        self.set_axis_direction(label_direction)

    def _get_ticklabels_offsets(self, renderer, label_direction):
        """
        Calculate the ticklabel offsets from the tick and their total heights.

        The offset only takes account the offset due to the vertical alignment
        of the ticklabels: if axis direction is bottom and va is 'top', it will
        return 0; if va is 'baseline', it will return (height-descent).
        """
        whd_list = self.get_texts_widths_heights_descents(renderer)

        if not whd_list:
            return 0, 0

        r = 0
        va, ha = self.get_va(), self.get_ha()

        if label_direction == "left":
            pad = max(w for w, h, d in whd_list)
            if ha == "left":
                r = pad
            elif ha == "center":
                r = .5 * pad
        elif label_direction == "right":
            pad = max(w for w, h, d in whd_list)
            if ha == "right":
                r = pad
            elif ha == "center":
                r = .5 * pad
        elif label_direction == "bottom":
            pad = max(h for w, h, d in whd_list)
            if va == "bottom":
                r = pad
            elif va == "center":
                r = .5 * pad
            elif va == "baseline":
                max_ascent = max(h - d for w, h, d in whd_list)
                max_descent = max(d for w, h, d in whd_list)
                r = max_ascent
                pad = max_ascent + max_descent
        elif label_direction == "top":
            pad = max(h for w, h, d in whd_list)
            if va == "top":
                r = pad
            elif va == "center":
                r = .5 * pad
            elif va == "baseline":
                max_ascent = max(h - d for w, h, d in whd_list)
                max_descent = max(d for w, h, d in whd_list)
                r = max_descent
                pad = max_ascent + max_descent

        # r : offset
        # pad : total height of the ticklabels. This will be used to
        # calculate the pad for the axislabel.
        return r, pad

    _default_alignments = dict(left=("center", "right"),
                               right=("center", "left"),
                               bottom=("baseline", "center"),
                               top=("baseline", "center"))

    _default_angles = dict(left=90,
                           right=-90,
                           bottom=0,
                           top=180)

    def draw(self, renderer):
        if not self.get_visible():
            self._axislabel_pad = self._external_pad
            return

        r, total_width = self._get_ticklabels_offsets(renderer,
                                                      self._axis_direction)

        pad = self._external_pad + renderer.points_to_pixels(self.get_pad())
        self._offset_radius = r + pad

        for (x, y), a, l in self._locs_angles_labels:
            if not l.strip():
                continue
            self._ref_angle = a
            self.set_x(x)
            self.set_y(y)
            self.set_text(l)
            LabelBase.draw(self, renderer)

        # the value saved will be used to draw axislabel.
        self._axislabel_pad = total_width + pad

    def set_locs_angles_labels(self, locs_angles_labels):
        self._locs_angles_labels = locs_angles_labels

    def get_window_extents(self, renderer=None):
        if renderer is None:
            renderer = self.get_figure(root=True)._get_renderer()

        if not self.get_visible():
            self._axislabel_pad = self._external_pad
            return []

        bboxes = []

        r, total_width = self._get_ticklabels_offsets(renderer,
                                                      self._axis_direction)

        pad = self._external_pad + renderer.points_to_pixels(self.get_pad())
        self._offset_radius = r + pad

        for (x, y), a, l in self._locs_angles_labels:
            self._ref_angle = a
            self.set_x(x)
            self.set_y(y)
            self.set_text(l)
            bb = LabelBase.get_window_extent(self, renderer)
            bboxes.append(bb)

        # the value saved will be used to draw axislabel.
        self._axislabel_pad = total_width + pad

        return bboxes

    def get_texts_widths_heights_descents(self, renderer):
        """
        Return a list of ``(width, height, descent)`` tuples for ticklabels.

        Empty labels are left out.
        """
        whd_list = []
        for _loc, _angle, label in self._locs_angles_labels:
            if not label.strip():
                continue
            clean_line, ismath = self._preprocess_math(label)
            whd = mtext._get_text_metrics_with_cache(
                renderer, clean_line, self._fontproperties, ismath=ismath,
                dpi=self.get_figure(root=True).dpi)
            whd_list.append(whd)
        return whd_list


class GridlinesCollection(LineCollection):
    def __init__(self, *args, which="major", axis="both", **kwargs):
        """
        Collection of grid lines.

        Parameters
        ----------
        which : {"major", "minor"}
            Which grid to consider.
        axis : {"both", "x", "y"}
            Which axis to consider.
        *args, **kwargs
            Passed to `.LineCollection`.
        """
        self._which = which
        self._axis = axis
        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        self.set_grid_helper(None)

    def set_which(self, which):
        """
        Select major or minor grid lines.

        Parameters
        ----------
        which : {"major", "minor"}
        """
        self._which = which

    def set_axis(self, axis):
        """
        Select axis.

        Parameters
        ----------
        axis : {"both", "x", "y"}
        """
        self._axis = axis

    def set_grid_helper(self, grid_helper):
        """
        Set grid helper.

        Parameters
        ----------
        grid_helper : `.GridHelperBase` subclass
        """
        self._grid_helper = grid_helper

    def draw(self, renderer):
        if self._grid_helper is not None:
            self._grid_helper.update_lim(self.axes)
            gl = self._grid_helper.get_gridlines(self._which, self._axis)
            self.set_segments([np.transpose(l) for l in gl])
        super().draw(renderer)


class AxisArtist(martist.Artist):
    """
    An artist which draws axis (a line along which the n-th axes coord
    is constant) line, ticks, tick labels, and axis label.
    """

    zorder = 2.5

    @property
    def LABELPAD(self):
        return self.label.get_pad()

    @LABELPAD.setter
    def LABELPAD(self, v):
        self.label.set_pad(v)

    def __init__(self, axes,
                 helper,
                 offset=None,
                 axis_direction="bottom",
                 **kwargs):
        """
        Parameters
        ----------
        axes : `mpl_toolkits.axisartist.axislines.Axes`
        helper : `~mpl_toolkits.axisartist.axislines.AxisArtistHelper`
        """
        # axes is also used to follow the axis attribute (tick color, etc).

        super().__init__(**kwargs)

        self.axes = axes

        self._axis_artist_helper = helper

        if offset is None:
            offset = (0, 0)
        self.offset_transform = ScaledTranslation(
            *offset,
            Affine2D().scale(1 / 72)  # points to inches.
            + self.axes.get_figure(root=False).dpi_scale_trans)

        if axis_direction in ["left", "right"]:
            self.axis = axes.yaxis
        else:
            self.axis = axes.xaxis

        self._axisline_style = None
        self._axis_direction = axis_direction

        self._init_line()
        self._init_ticks(**kwargs)
        self._init_offsetText(axis_direction)
        self._init_label()

        # axis direction
        self._ticklabel_add_angle = 0.
        self._axislabel_add_angle = 0.
        self.set_axis_direction(axis_direction)

    # axis direction

    def set_axis_direction(self, axis_direction):
        """
        Adjust the direction, text angle, and text alignment of tick labels
        and axis labels following the Matplotlib convention for the rectangle
        axes.

        The *axis_direction* must be one of [left, right, bottom, top].

        =====================    ========== ========= ========== ==========
        Property                 left       bottom    right      top
        =====================    ========== ========= ========== ==========
        ticklabel direction      "-"        "+"       "+"        "-"
        axislabel direction      "-"        "+"       "+"        "-"
        ticklabel angle          90         0         -90        180
        ticklabel va             center     baseline  center     baseline
        ticklabel ha             right      center    right      center
        axislabel angle          180        0         0          180
        axislabel va             center     top       center     bottom
        axislabel ha             right      center    right      center
        =====================    ========== ========= ========== ==========

        Note that the direction "+" and "-" are relative to the direction of
        the increasing coordinate. Also, the text angles are actually
        relative to (90 + angle of the direction to the ticklabel),
        which gives 0 for bottom axis.

        Parameters
        ----------
        axis_direction : {"left", "bottom", "right", "top"}
        """
        self.major_ticklabels.set_axis_direction(axis_direction)
        self.label.set_axis_direction(axis_direction)
        self._axis_direction = axis_direction
        if axis_direction in ["left", "top"]:
            self.set_ticklabel_direction("-")
            self.set_axislabel_direction("-")
        else:
            self.set_ticklabel_direction("+")
            self.set_axislabel_direction("+")

    def set_ticklabel_direction(self, tick_direction):
        r"""
        Adjust the direction of the tick labels.

        Note that the *tick_direction*\s '+' and '-' are relative to the
        direction of the increasing coordinate.

        Parameters
        ----------
        tick_direction : {"+", "-"}
        """
        self._ticklabel_add_angle = _api.getitem_checked(
            {"+": 0, "-": 180}, tick_direction=tick_direction)

    def invert_ticklabel_direction(self):
        self._ticklabel_add_angle = (self._ticklabel_add_angle + 180) % 360
        self.major_ticklabels.invert_axis_direction()
        self.minor_ticklabels.invert_axis_direction()

    def set_axislabel_direction(self, label_direction):
        r"""
        Adjust the direction of the axis label.

        Note that the *label_direction*\s '+' and '-' are relative to the
        direction of the increasing coordinate.

        Parameters
        ----------
        label_direction : {"+", "-"}
        """
        self._axislabel_add_angle = _api.getitem_checked(
            {"+": 0, "-": 180}, label_direction=label_direction)

    def get_transform(self):
        return self.axes.transAxes + self.offset_transform

    def get_helper(self):
        """
        Return axis artist helper instance.
        """
        return self._axis_artist_helper

    def set_axisline_style(self, axisline_style=None, **kwargs):
        """
        Set the axisline style.

        The new style is completely defined by the passed attributes. Existing
        style attributes are forgotten.

        Parameters
        ----------
        axisline_style : str or None
            The line style, e.g. '->', optionally followed by a comma-separated
            list of attributes. Alternatively, the attributes can be provided
            as keywords.

            If *None* this returns a string containing the available styles.

        Examples
        --------
        The following two commands are equal:

        >>> set_axisline_style("->,size=1.5")
        >>> set_axisline_style("->", size=1.5)
        """
        if axisline_style is None:
            return AxislineStyle.pprint_styles()

        if isinstance(axisline_style, AxislineStyle._Base):
            self._axisline_style = axisline_style
        else:
            self._axisline_style = AxislineStyle(axisline_style, **kwargs)

        self._init_line()

    def get_axisline_style(self):
        """Return the current axisline style."""
        return self._axisline_style

    def _init_line(self):
        """
        Initialize the *line* artist that is responsible to draw the axis line.
        """
        tran = (self._axis_artist_helper.get_line_transform(self.axes)
                + self.offset_transform)

        axisline_style = self.get_axisline_style()
        if axisline_style is None:
            self.line = PathPatch(
                self._axis_artist_helper.get_line(self.axes),
                color=mpl.rcParams['axes.edgecolor'],
                fill=False,
                linewidth=mpl.rcParams['axes.linewidth'],
                capstyle=mpl.rcParams['lines.solid_capstyle'],
                joinstyle=mpl.rcParams['lines.solid_joinstyle'],
                transform=tran)
        else:
            self.line = axisline_style(self, transform=tran)

    def _draw_line(self, renderer):
        self.line.set_path(self._axis_artist_helper.get_line(self.axes))
        if self.get_axisline_style() is not None:
            self.line.set_line_mutation_scale(self.major_ticklabels.get_size())
        self.line.draw(renderer)

    def _init_ticks(self, **kwargs):
        axis_name = self.axis.axis_name

        trans = (self._axis_artist_helper.get_tick_transform(self.axes)
                 + self.offset_transform)

        self.major_ticks = Ticks(
            ticksize=kwargs.get(
                "major_tick_size",
                mpl.rcParams[f"{axis_name}tick.major.size"]),
            tick_direction=mpl.rcParams[f"{axis_name}tick.direction"],
            axis=self.axis, transform=trans)
        self.minor_ticks = Ticks(
            ticksize=kwargs.get(
                "minor_tick_size",
                mpl.rcParams[f"{axis_name}tick.minor.size"]),
            tick_direction=mpl.rcParams[f"{axis_name}tick.direction"],
            axis=self.axis, transform=trans)

        size = mpl.rcParams[f"{axis_name}tick.labelsize"]
        self.major_ticklabels = TickLabels(
            axis=self.axis,
            axis_direction=self._axis_direction,
            figure=self.axes.get_figure(root=False),
            transform=trans,
            fontsize=size,
            pad=kwargs.get(
                "major_tick_pad", mpl.rcParams[f"{axis_name}tick.major.pad"]),
        )
        self.minor_ticklabels = TickLabels(
            axis=self.axis,
            axis_direction=self._axis_direction,
            figure=self.axes.get_figure(root=False),
            transform=trans,
            fontsize=size,
            pad=kwargs.get(
                "minor_tick_pad", mpl.rcParams[f"{axis_name}tick.minor.pad"]),
        )

    def _get_tick_info(self, tick_iter):
        """
        Return a pair of:

        - list of locs and angles for ticks
        - list of locs, angles and labels for ticklabels.
        """
        ticks_loc_angle = []
        ticklabels_loc_angle_label = []

        ticklabel_add_angle = self._ticklabel_add_angle

        for loc, angle_normal, angle_tangent, label in tick_iter:
            angle_label = angle_tangent - 90 + ticklabel_add_angle
            angle_tick = (angle_normal
                          if 90 <= (angle_label - angle_normal) % 360 <= 270
                          else angle_normal + 180)
            ticks_loc_angle.append([loc, angle_tick])
            ticklabels_loc_angle_label.append([loc, angle_label, label])

        return ticks_loc_angle, ticklabels_loc_angle_label

    def _update_ticks(self, renderer=None):
        # set extra pad for major and minor ticklabels: use ticksize of
        # majorticks even for minor ticks. not clear what is best.

        if renderer is None:
            renderer = self.get_figure(root=True)._get_renderer()

        self.major_ticklabels._external_pad = \
            self.minor_ticklabels._external_pad = (
                renderer.points_to_pixels(self.major_ticks._ticksize)
                * {"in": 0, "inout": 1/2, "out": 1}[
                    self.major_ticks.get_tick_direction()]
                * self.major_ticks.get_visible()  # 0 if invisible.
            )

        majortick_iter, minortick_iter = \
            self._axis_artist_helper.get_tick_iterators(self.axes)

        tick_loc_angle, ticklabel_loc_angle_label = \
            self._get_tick_info(majortick_iter)
        self.major_ticks.set_locs_angles(tick_loc_angle)
        self.major_ticklabels.set_locs_angles_labels(ticklabel_loc_angle_label)

        tick_loc_angle, ticklabel_loc_angle_label = \
            self._get_tick_info(minortick_iter)
        self.minor_ticks.set_locs_angles(tick_loc_angle)
        self.minor_ticklabels.set_locs_angles_labels(ticklabel_loc_angle_label)

    def _draw_ticks(self, renderer):
        self._update_ticks(renderer)
        self.major_ticks.draw(renderer)
        self.major_ticklabels.draw(renderer)
        self.minor_ticks.draw(renderer)
        self.minor_ticklabels.draw(renderer)
        if (self.major_ticklabels.get_visible()
                or self.minor_ticklabels.get_visible()):
            self._draw_offsetText(renderer)

    _offsetText_pos = dict(left=(0, 1, "bottom", "right"),
                           right=(1, 1, "bottom", "left"),
                           bottom=(1, 0, "top", "right"),
                           top=(1, 1, "bottom", "right"))

    def _init_offsetText(self, direction):
        x, y, va, ha = self._offsetText_pos[direction]
        self.offsetText = mtext.Annotation(
            "",
            xy=(x, y), xycoords="axes fraction",
            xytext=(0, 0), textcoords="offset points",
            color=mpl.rcParams['xtick.color'],
            horizontalalignment=ha, verticalalignment=va,
        )
        self.offsetText.set_transform(IdentityTransform())
        self.axes._set_artist_props(self.offsetText)

    def _update_offsetText(self):
        self.offsetText.set_text(self.axis.major.formatter.get_offset())
        self.offsetText.set_size(self.major_ticklabels.get_size())
        offset = (self.major_ticklabels.get_pad()
                  + self.major_ticklabels.get_size()
                  + 2)
        self.offsetText.xyann = (0, offset)

    def _draw_offsetText(self, renderer):
        self._update_offsetText()
        self.offsetText.draw(renderer)

    def _init_label(self, **kwargs):
        tr = (self._axis_artist_helper.get_axislabel_transform(self.axes)
              + self.offset_transform)
        self.label = AxisLabel(
            0, 0, "__from_axes__",
            color="auto",
            fontsize=kwargs.get("labelsize", mpl.rcParams['axes.labelsize']),
            fontweight=mpl.rcParams['axes.labelweight'],
            axis=self.axis,
            transform=tr,
            axis_direction=self._axis_direction,
        )
        self.label.set_figure(self.axes.get_figure(root=False))
        labelpad = kwargs.get("labelpad", 5)
        self.label.set_pad(labelpad)

    def _update_label(self, renderer):
        if not self.label.get_visible():
            return

        if self._ticklabel_add_angle != self._axislabel_add_angle:
            axislabel_pad = max(
                # major pad:
                self.major_ticks._ticksize
                * {"in": 1, "inout": 1/2, "out": 0}[
                    self.major_ticks.get_tick_direction()]
                * self.major_ticks.get_visible(),  # 0 if invisible.
                # minor pad:
                self.minor_ticks._ticksize
                * {"in": 1, "inout": 1/2, "out": 0}[
                    self.minor_ticks.get_tick_direction()]
                * self.minor_ticks.get_visible(),  # 0 if invisible.
            )
        else:
            axislabel_pad = max(self.major_ticklabels._axislabel_pad,
                                self.minor_ticklabels._axislabel_pad)

        self.label._external_pad = axislabel_pad

        xy, angle_tangent = \
            self._axis_artist_helper.get_axislabel_pos_angle(self.axes)
        if xy is None:
            return

        angle_label = angle_tangent - 90

        x, y = xy
        self.label._ref_angle = angle_label + self._axislabel_add_angle
        self.label.set(x=x, y=y)

    def _draw_label(self, renderer):
        self._update_label(renderer)
        self.label.draw(renderer)

    def set_label(self, s):
        # docstring inherited
        self.label.set_text(s)

    def get_tightbbox(self, renderer=None):
        if not self.get_visible():
            return
        self._axis_artist_helper.update_lim(self.axes)
        self._update_ticks(renderer)
        self._update_label(renderer)

        self.line.set_path(self._axis_artist_helper.get_line(self.axes))
        if self.get_axisline_style() is not None:
            self.line.set_line_mutation_scale(self.major_ticklabels.get_size())

        bb = [
            *self.major_ticklabels.get_window_extents(renderer),
            *self.minor_ticklabels.get_window_extents(renderer),
            self.label.get_window_extent(renderer),
            self.offsetText.get_window_extent(renderer),
            self.line.get_tightbbox(renderer),
        ]
        bb = [b for b in bb if b and (b.width != 0 or b.height != 0)]
        if bb:
            _bbox = Bbox.union(bb)
            return _bbox
        else:
            return None

    @martist.allow_rasterization
    def draw(self, renderer):
        # docstring inherited
        if not self.get_visible():
            return
        renderer.open_group(__name__, gid=self.get_gid())
        self._axis_artist_helper.update_lim(self.axes)
        self._draw_ticks(renderer)
        self._draw_line(renderer)
        self._draw_label(renderer)
        renderer.close_group(__name__)

    def toggle(self, all=None, ticks=None, ticklabels=None, label=None):
        """
        Toggle visibility of ticks, ticklabels, and (axis) label.
        To turn all off, ::

          axis.toggle(all=False)

        To turn all off but ticks on ::

          axis.toggle(all=False, ticks=True)

        To turn all on but (axis) label off ::

          axis.toggle(all=True, label=False)

        """
        if all:
            _ticks, _ticklabels, _label = True, True, True
        elif all is not None:
            _ticks, _ticklabels, _label = False, False, False
        else:
            _ticks, _ticklabels, _label = None, None, None

        if ticks is not None:
            _ticks = ticks
        if ticklabels is not None:
            _ticklabels = ticklabels
        if label is not None:
            _label = label

        if _ticks is not None:
            self.major_ticks.set_visible(_ticks)
            self.minor_ticks.set_visible(_ticks)
        if _ticklabels is not None:
            self.major_ticklabels.set_visible(_ticklabels)
            self.minor_ticklabels.set_visible(_ticklabels)
        if _label is not None:
            self.label.set_visible(_label)
